The use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infections: a debatable issues at this time

Authors

  • Temi Ogunleye Department of of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A
  • Marlina Ponce de Leon Department of of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A
  • Suresh J. Antony Department of of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20190807

Keywords:

Joint replacement surgery, Prosthetic joint infections, Antibiotic usage, Polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

Joint replacement surgery is increasing due to its success in decreasing pain and restoring function. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) is one of the most detrimental complications of the surgery. These infections can either be acute or chronic and can be caused by a variety of organisms. Effective and efficient identification of the cause of infection is vital so that proper treatment can be provided. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a possibility for diagnosis and management of PJI with a reduction in the use of incorrect antibiotics. This is due to its ability to quickly diagnosis viral, bacterial, rickettsia, mycobacterial, and protozoal infection in hours. It also has high sensitivity and specificity even with antimicrobial usage and biofilm production. However, more studies need to be done in order to be able to classify it as a possible gold standard.

Author Biography

Temi Ogunleye, Department of of Medicine/Section of Infectious Diseases, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A

 

 

References

Losina E, Katz JN. Total joint replacement outcomes in patients with concomitant comorbidities: a glass half empty or half full? Arthritis Rheumatism. 2013;65(5):1157-9.

Beswick AD, Wylde V, Gooberman-Hill R, Blom A, Dieppe P. What proportion of patients report long-term pain after total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis? A systematic review of prospective studies in unselected patients. BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e000435.

Skinner H, McMahon P. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Orthopedics. 5th ed. McGraw Hill Publication. 2014.

Crawford RW, Murray DW. Total hip replacement: Indications for surgery and risk factors for failure. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. 1997;56(8):445-57.

Legout L, Senneville E. Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Clinical and Bench Research. Sci World J. 2013;1-17.

Yoon PW, Lee YK, Ahn J, Jang EJ, Kim Y, Kwak HS, et al. Epidemiology of hip replacements in Korea from 2007 to 2011. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29:852–8.

Drago L, De Vecchi E, Bortolin M, Zagra L, Romano C, Cappelletti, L. Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Late Prosthetic Knee and Hip Infections. J Arthroplast. 2017;32(8) 2496-500.

Parikh, MS, Antony, S. A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infections in the absence of positive cultures. J Infection Public Health. 2016;9:545-56.

Nair PK, Bhat VG, Vaz MS. Prosthetic joint infections-a clinico-microbiological perspective: Review article. World J Clin Infectious Diseases. 2014;4(3):9-15.

10 Atkins BL, Athanasou N, Deeks JJ, Crook DW, Simpson H, Peto TE, et al. Prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. The OSIRIS Collaborative Study Group. J Clin Micro. 1998;36:2932–9.

Beribari EF, Marculescu C, Sia I, Hanssen AD, Steckelberg JM, Gullerud R, Osmon DR. Culture-Negative Prosthetic Joint Infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007;45(9):1113-9.

Wu C, Qu X, Liu F, Li H, Mao Y, Zhu Z. Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty in Chinese Patients. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e95300.

Peel TN, Cheng AC, Buising KL, Choong PF. Microbiological etiology, epidemiology, and clinical profile of prosthetic joint infections: are current antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines effective? Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2012;56:2386–239.

Peel TN, Dowsey MM, Daffy JR, Stanley PA, Choong PF, Buising KL. Risk factors for prosthetic hip and knee infections according to arthroplasty site. J Hospital Infection. 2011;79(2):129-33.

Mraovic B, Suh D, Jacovides C, Parvizi J. Perioperative hyperglycemia and postoperative infection after lower limb arthroplasty. J Diabetes Sci Tech. 2011;5(2):412–8.

Seneviratne CJ, Yip JW, Chang JW, Zhang CF, Samaranayake LP. Effect of culture media and nutrients on biofilm growth kinetics of laboratory and clinical strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Archives of Oral Biology. 2013;58:1327–34.

Tande AJ, Patel R. Prosthetic Joint Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2014;27(2):302-45.

Malekzadeh D, Osmon DR, Lahr BD, Hanssen AD, Berbari EF. Prior use of antimicrobial therapy is a risk factor for culture negative prosthetic joint infection. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2010;468(8):2039-45.

Osmon DR ,Berbari EF, Berendt AR, Lew D, Zimmerli W, Steckelberg JM, et al. Executive summary: diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Disease. 2013;56:1-10.

Barrett L, Atkins B. The clinical presentation of prosthetic joint infection. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2014;69(1):i25-7.

Ganz T, Selsted ME, Szklarek D, Harwig SS, Daher K, Bainton DF, et al. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1985;76:1427–35.

Shahi A, Kheir MM, Tarabichi M, Hosseinzadeh HR, Tan TL, Parvizi J. Serum D-Dimer Test Is Promising for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Timing of Reimplantation. J Bone Joint Surg. 2017;99(17):1419-27.

Magnuson JE, Brown ML, Hauser MF, Berquist TH, Fitzgerald RH, Klee GG. In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in suspected orthopedic prosthesis infection: comparison with other imaging modalities. Radiology. 1988;168:235–9.

Street L, Sanderson ND, Atkins BL, Brent AJ, Cole K, Foster D, et al. Molecular Diagnosis of Orthopedic-Device-Related Infection Directly from Sonication Fluid by Metagenomic Sequencing. J Clin Micro. 2017;55(8);2334-47.

Dobbins JJ, Seligson D, Raff MJ. Bacterial colonization of orthopedic fixation devices in the absence of clinical infection. J Infectious Dis. 1988;158:203–5.

DeBiasi RL, Tyler KL. Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Infections. Achieve of Neurology. 1999;56(10):1215-9.

Dutta S, Chatterjee A, Rajendran K, Roy S, Pramanik KC, Bhattachary SK. Sensitivity and performance characteristics of a direct PCR with stool samples in comparison to conventional techniques for diagnosis of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in children with acute diarrhea in Calcutta, India. J Med Micro. 2001;50(8):667-4.

Luna R, Boyanton B, Mehta S, Courtney E, Webb C, Revell, et al. Rapid Stool- Based Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection by Real-Time PCR in Children’s Hospital. J clin Microbiol. 2011;49(3):851-7.

Gallo J, Dendis M, Loveckova Y, Sauer P, Zapletalova J, Koukalova D. Culture and PCR analysis of joint fluid in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. New Microbiologica. 2008;31:97-104.

Morgenstern C, Cabric S, Perka C, Trampuz A, Renz N. Synovial fluid multiplex PCR is superior to culture for detection of low-virulent pathogens causing periprosthetic joint infection. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2018;90(2):115-9.

Kawamura M, Kobayashi N, Inaba Y, Choe H, Tezuka T, Kubota S, et al. A new multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Modern Rheumatology. 2017;27(6):1072-8.

Zegaer BH, Ioannidis A, Babis GC, Ioannidou V, Kossyvakis A, Bersimis S, et al. Detection of Bacteria Bearing Resistant Biofilm Forms, by Using the Universal and Specific PCR is Still Unhelpful in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections. Frontiers of Medicine. 2014;1:30.

Man FH, Graber P, Lüem M, Zimmerli W, Ochsner PE, Sendi P. Broad-Range PCR in Selected Episodes of Prosthetic Joint Infection. Infection. 2009;37(3):292-4.

Lourtet-Hascoëtt J, Bicart-See A, Félicé M, Giordano G, Bonnet E. Is Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI real-time PCR a reliable tool for fast detection of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in periprosthetic joint infections? Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2015;83(1):59-62.

Qu X, Zhai Z, Li H, Liu X, Zhu Z, Dai K. PCR-Based Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(8):2742-6.

Downloads

Published

2019-02-23

Issue

Section

Review Articles