Calcaneum tuberculosis-an uncommon phenomenon: narrative review

Sumit Kumar; Rajendra Kumar; Neeraj Jayant; Chandrakant Gautam; Vipul Aggarwal

doi:10.18203/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20250471

Authors

Sumit Kumar Department of Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad, U. P., India
Rajendra Kumar Department of Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad, U. P., India
Neeraj Jayant Department of Orthopaedics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Chandrakant Gautam Department of Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad, U. P., India
Vipul Aggarwal Department of Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad, U. P., India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20250471

Keywords:

Contagious, Calcaneum, Tuberculosis

Abstract

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), a dangerous and highly contagious infection that is a major source of morbidity and mortality. One to three percent of cases have osteoarticular TB, and 10% of these cases involve foot and ankle involvement. The bone in the foot most frequently attacked by TB is the calcaneus. There are currently relatively few case series studies and case Report available that describe this uncommon phenomenon. The aim of this narrative review is to find information on the calcaneum tuberculosis-An uncommon phenomenon. We evaluated the medical records of some patients with 4 to 68 years, who had isolated calcaneal tuberculous osteomyelitis. As part of the systematic search, the phrase "calcaneal tuberculosis-an uncommon phenomenon" was created in relation to integrative, along with its synonyms, and the search database was used. The Google search engine was used to manually search PubMed and Google Scholar. The database did not include any further articles. According to the study's conclusions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of TB, a dangerous and communicable infectious illness. Calcaneal tuberculosis is uncommon. A high degree of clinical suspicion, in addition to positive imaging data, GeneXpert findings, and Gram stains, can aid in the diagnosis of TB calcaneus because it is an uncommon illness. To stop the illness from spreading to other bones and joints, early identification is crucial. Patient was treated with antitubercular medication and had a successful operation to correct the abnormalities.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Global Tuberculosis Report; 2022. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2022. Accessed on 10 December 2024.

Sharma S. Mission end TB: Finding the missing millions and bridging the gap. J Community Health Manag 2023;10(3):80-2.

Indian TB Repot; 2023. Available at: https://tbcindia.gov.in/showfile.php?lid=3680. Accessed on 10 December 2024.

World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: WHO, 2015 Contract No.: WHO/HTM/TB/2015.22.; 2015. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/191102. Accessed on 10 December 2024.

Ramanathan Kumar Arun Dr, K Kumar Arvind Dr and Selvaraj R Dr. Tuberculosis osteomyelitis of OS Calcis. Int J Orthop Sci. 2020;6(4):100-4.

Kadu VV, Saindane KA, Godghate N, Godghate NN. Tuberculosis of Calcaneum-A Rare presentation. J Orthop Case Rep 2016;6(1):61-2.

Martini M, Adjrad A, Boudjemaa A. Tuberculous osteomyelitis. A review of 125 cases. Int Orthop. 1986;10:201–7.

Choudhary P, Saxena M, Chouhan J, Bharwani N, Bhati M. Calcaneum tuberculosis-A rare entity: Case report and review of literature. J Musculoskelet Surg Res. 2023;7:135-41.

Tiwari A, Bhatnagar N, Karkhur Y, Aslam A, Sharma A, Sabat D. Tuberculosis of calcaneum: a case series and review of literature. Int J Res Ortho. 2017;3:761-5

Carvollo PI. Conde Luis. Bone Tuberculosis in Calcaneus Case Report. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2022;4(5):113-5.

Yadav KA, Kumar SGP, Akshay KS, Harsoor A, Akash M, Shaswat M, et al. Tuberculosis of Calcaneus-A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Orthop Case Rep. 2020;10(5):24-6.

Gadge S, Khan S, Mridul A, Gajanan C, Sanjay D, Anubhav S. A rare case of Tuberculosis of Calcaneus in infant. Am J Adv Med Sci. 2015;3(3):31-3.

Sandhya B, Apurba S, Mannur S, Bhat S. Tuberculosis of calcaneum: A rare case report. Io McWorld. Org. Available at: https://www.iomcworld.org/articles/tuberculosis-of-calcaneum-a-rarecase-report.pdf. Accessed on 22 September 2024.

Dhillon MS, Nagi ON. Tuberculosis of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(398):107-13.

Agarwal N, Jain SK. Tuberculous osteitis of skull: A case report. Indian J Tuberc. 2009;49:105-6.

Gupta S, Parihar A, Singh S, Ankur A, Sheetal A. Pediatric Osteoarticular Tuberculosis as a Diagnostic Dilemma and a Review of Literature. Cureus. 2022;14(3):e23053.

Dhillon M, Prabhakar S, Aggarwal S, Bachhal Bachhal. Tuberculosis of the foot: an osteolytic variety. Indian J Orthop 2012;46(2):206-11.

Rafiqi K, Yousri B, Arihi M, Bjitro C, Aboumaarouf M, El Andaloussi M. unusual locations of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children: A report of 12 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013;99(3):347-51.

Gillott E, Ray P. Tuberculosis of the calcaneum masquerading as Haglund's deformity: a rare case and brief literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;24:bcr2013009252.

Hayat Z, Konan S, Olivier A, Briggs TRW. Isolated tuberculosis of the calcaneum in a constitutionally well patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014: bcr2014204016.

Chater L, Arroud M, Afifi M. Tuberculosis of the calcaneus in children. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2014;3:57-9.

Nayak B, Panda G, Dash R, Mohapatra KC, Panda G. Ankle and foot tuberculosis: a diagnostic dilemma. J Fam Med Primary Care. 2014;3(2):129-31.

Khan S, Stimec J, Kitai I. Nonresponding osteomyelitis in a two-year-old boy. Can Med Assoc J. 2015;187:901-4.

Kadu VV, Saindane KA, Godghate N, Godghate NN. Tuberculosis of Calcaneum - A Rare presentation. J Orthop Case Rep. 2016;6(1):61-2.

Takhar R, Bunkar M, Arya S, Mirdha N. Tubercular osteomyelitis of calcaneum bone: a rare occurrence. Indian J Tubercul. 2016;63(3):203-6.

Muhamad Effendi F, Ibrahim MI, Rozali KN, Miswan MF. Chronic heel pain: it could be tuberculosis. Malays Fam Physician. 2016;11(2-3):20-3.

Alizayagam HN, Raval DM. Tuberculosis of Calcaneum: A Rare Case Report. Int J Scientific Res. 20176(6):31-2.

Kumar P, Dhillon MS, Rajnish RK, Jindal K. Tubercular involvement of the lateral malleolus and adjacent calcaneus: Presentation of a rare case and review of the literature. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12:e231533.

Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S. Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis of cuboid. J Orthop Case Rep. 2021;11(12):5-10.

Bikoroti JB, Buteera AM, Manirakiza F, Munezero L, Nzarora J, Nyiraneza S. Tuberculosis of the left calcaneum and collapsed right femoral head: A case report. J Orthop Case Rep. 2021;11(1):55-8.

Jadawala HV, Deshpande VS, Salwan A, Hitendra W, Rohit R, Rushi J. Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of Calcaneum: A rare Case. Cureus. 2024;16(10):e70659.

Agarwal A, Qureshi NA, Khan SA, Kumar P, Samaiya S. Tuberculosis of the foot and ankle in children. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011;19:213-7.

Karkhur Y, Tiwari V, Lodhi J, Tiwari A. Astragalus Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus. 2017;9(9):e1708.

Subbaraman R, Nathavitharana RR, Satyanarayana S, Pai M, Thomas BE, Chadha VK, et al. The Tuberculosis Cascade of Care in India’s Public Sector: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13(10):1002149.

Mittal R, Gupta V, Rastogi S. Tuberculosis of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81:997-1000.

Poudel A, Poudel P, Chand B, Banskota B, Banskota AK. Tuberculosis of Calcaneus-A Case Report and Review of Literature. Nepal Orthop Asso J. 2024;10(2):31-3.

Choi WJ, Han SH, Joo JH, Kim BS, Lee JW. Diagnostic dilemma of tuberculosis in the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 2008;29(7):711-5.